Ruminating can keep us tethered to ideas, thoughts, and feelings. Notice when you find yourself going down a mental rabbit hole of replaying moments with this person in your head, thinking about things you like about them or hope to happen, or otherwise daydreaming about your crush. When this happens, gently catch yourself and move your thoughts on to something else. Spending time in our own fantasies is akin to spending time staring at their social media pages, and it'll make it all the harder to stop liking this person.
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Some rabbit-resistant perennials perform double duty by also attracting pollinators. Asters are wildly popular with bees and butterflies. These easygoing sun-lovers require no special care or attention. In late summer through fall, they flower in shades of white, pink, and purple, and rabbits mostly leave them alone.
Annual plants complete their entire life cycle within a single growing season. They are popular for planting in colorful beds and containers thanks to their prolific bloom cycles, which last all season. The following are some of the best annual plants that repel rabbits.
Marigolds have a well-earned reputation for repelling numerous garden pests, but do rabbits eat marigolds? Nope. Whether you love the strong aroma of marigold or not, rabbits tend to avoid it. Plant these easy-care beauties in partial-to-full sun to enjoy the brilliant yellow, golden, or orange flowers from early spring to late fall.
Snapdragons grow best in spring and fall, when temperatures are mild but not too hot or cold. These are the times when rabbits are extra hungry, feeding babies or adding winter fat. But compounds in the flowers and foliage protect snapdragons from rabbits. Choose from standard or dwarf cultivars in dozens of colors. Plant snapdragons in full to partial sunlight.
Verbena is a group of low-growing annuals with a mounding or spreading growth habit that often graces the front of a garden bed, container gardens, or hanging baskets. Verbena flowers range from pure white to shades of red, pink, or purple. The small tough foliage has a distinctly sharp taste that rabbits tend to avoid.
Zinnias are some of the most popular annual flowers because they are durable and easy to grow in harsh conditions. They come in dozens of size categories, bloom colors, and flower types. Hot sun and drought are no trouble for these rugged flowers (which should be planted in full sun), and they are loved by pollinators and seed-eating songbirds alike. However, rabbits prefer to stay away.
In-hospital renal replacement therapy (RRT) is widely used for the treatments of acute kidney injury (AKI) in crush injury (CI) victims. This study was designed to investigate whether preventive peritoneal dialysis (PPD) is useful for renal protection in CI.
The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) MFR is essential for the correction of CI-induced hypotension, whereas PPD with 2.5% glucose dialysate exerted limited effects on blood pressures in CI animals; (2) the combination of MFR and PPD protected animals against lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and AKI following CI, which finally resulted in an improved survival rate. These results suggested that, in addition to MFR, PPD was beneficial for renal protection in CI rabbits.
RRT is generally initiated in CI victims for standard indications, such as volume overload, severe uremia, hyperkalemia, etc [8] Here, instead of performing peritoneal dialysis in a standard protocol, for the first time, we reported the effects of PPD for renal protection in CI rabbits. Our results suggested that PPD initiated at the time of compression release is beneficial for the correction of CI-related hyperkalemia and myoglobinemia. The K+ clearance rate achieved by peritoneal dialysis has been shown to be lower than hemodialysis. However, peritoneal dialysis could be the only achievable RRT for K+ clearance under some circumstances, such as the shortage of electricity and equipment in large disasters. The normalization of serum K+ is the priority because hyperkalemia is an important risk factor of life-threatening conditions, such as cardiac arrest. Recently, Roseman et al. demonstrated the potential utility of peritoneal dialysis as a treatment option for severe hyperkalemia patients when HD access is limited [18]. In the present study, we calculated the removal rate of serum K+ by MFR and PPD. Our results demonstrated that PPD with 2.5% glucose dialysate was more efficient in removing K+ than MFR in CI rabbits. Clinically, peritoneal dialysis patients have normal or low plasma K+, probably due to the shift of K+ into the intracellular compartment, which is facilitated by low pH and/or by the hyperosmolality of the dialysate [19]. However, in the present study, we observed that PPD attenuated lactic acidosis in CI animals. In addition, analysis of collected dialysis fluids demonstrated a certain amount of K+. These results suggested that serum K+ was shifted into the abdominal cavity when PPD was applied. The major mechanisms of renal toxicity by myoglobin include renal vasoconstriction, intratubular cast formation and the direct toxicity to tubular cells [20,21,22]. RRT has also been also applied for circulating myoglobin removal, and there was no significant difference between peritoneal dialysis and IHD for myoglobin removal in end-stage kidney disease patients [23]. In the present study, our results suggested that circulatory myoglobin can be removed by PPD in CI animals, and we detected myoglobin in dialysis fluids collected from the abdomen cavity. CK levels are the most sensitive indicator of rhabdomyolysis, and higher CK levels are associated with greater burden on the kidneys. However, it has been demonstrated that even extremely increased CK has no toxic effects [24]. In this study, the clearance ability of CK by PPD was likely limited as compared with fluid resuscitation. Indeed, peritoneal dialysis is inadequate to remove the large solute loads in patients with rhabdomyolysis-induced renal impairment [25].
Tramadol has been used by millions of patients as an analgesic drug to relief the severe pain caused by cancers and other diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of antioxidants (garlic and selenium) against the toxic effects of tramadol on semen characteristics, steroid hormones, the protein expressions of different cytochrome P450 isozymes [CYP 21A2, CYP 19, and 11A1], and on antioxidant enzyme activities in testes of rabbits. Western immunoblotting, spectrophotometric, and histological methods were used in this study. Tramadol (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to male rabbits for up to three months (three times/week), and after pretreatment of rabbits with garlic (800 mg/kg) and/or selenium (1 mg/kg body weight) by 2 h. The present study showed that motilities, semen volumes, morphologies, sperm counts, testosterone, and estrogen levels were significantly decreased after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of tramadol treatment. In addition, the protein expressions of CYP 21A2, CYP 19, and 11A1 were down-regulated in the testes of the tramadol-treated rabbits. On the other hand, pretreatment of rabbits with garlic, selenium, and/or garlic-selenium for 2 h before administration of tramadol restored the downregulated CYP 21A2 and 11A1 to their normal levels after 12 weeks of tramadol treatment. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and levels of glutathione were inhibited in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits. On the other hand, free radical levels were significantly increased in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits for 12 weeks. Interestingly, such changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as free radical levels caused by tramadol were restored to their normal levels in the rabbits pretreated with either selenium, garlic, and/or their combination. Histopathological investigations showed that tramadol caused substantial vacuolization with the presence of damaged immature spermatozoid in the testes. However, selenium and garlic treatments showed an increase in healthy sperm production with normal mitotic and meiotic divisions. The present study illustrated for the first time the mechanisms of low steroid hormone levels in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits which could be due to the downregulation of CYPs proteins, induction of oxidative stress, and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, the present data showed that such toxic effects of tramadol were attenuated and restored to their normal levels after pretreatment of rabbits with garlic, selenium, and/or their combination. This finding may pave the way for a new approach to reducing the toxicity of tramadol. 2ff7e9595c
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